International Space Station

 

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It was more than 50 years ago that the American astronaut Neel Armstrong became the first man to set the foot on the moon on 21 July 1969. As he stepped on to the surface, he made the famous statement:

"One small step for men, One giant leap for men kind"
 
Many people consider the conquest of space and investigation of its wonders to be the greatest and most exciting challenge human kind faces today. by this standard, the most extraordinary human adventure in space to date may not be arms strong moon landing but the construction of the international space station ISS.
As of 2023, there are two fully operational space stations in low Earth orbit (LEO) – the International Space Station (ISS) and China's Tiangong Space Station (TSS).
 
The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and
other fields. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars. The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station in low Earth orbit. The project involves five space agencies: the United States' NASA, Russia's Roscoms, Japan's JAXA, Europe's ESA, and Canada's.

13.1 Station Statistics Of 22 December 2022:

COSPER IO                                     1998-067A
SATCAT NO                                    25544
Call Sign                                          Alpha, Station
Launch                                             20 NOV. 1998 (24 YR. AGO)
Mass                                                 4550000 Kg
Length                                              109m(358ft)
Width                                                73m(239ft)
Orbital Speed                                    7.66km/sec
Day occupied                                   22 yr,7month, 18 days
Current Location                              248 miles(400km) Over our head

         13.2 HISTORY:

In 1984, the United State government announced plans to build a space station, but cost over runs in the design and planning phase led to delays. The project began to take on a concrete from only after the end of the cold war when, in 1993 Russia decided to join the international cooperative for the construction of what is today known as the international space station. In 1986 the soviet government had already begun building its own space station, the MIR (the Russian word for peace) their know-how but especially their experience was crucial to the success of project ISS
 
 

13.3 CONSTRUCTION:

Construction began in 1998. First several technicalities had to be ironed out to be ironed out so that the collaboration could proceed without undue fraction. This meant that the work needed to be divided in a sensible and practical manner. On 20 November 1998 the first large piece of the ISS, a freight and control module, was installed in space 350 km above the earth. In the same year, a connecting piece the Russia living quarters module " Svesda", was attached by means of a docking maneuver. From November 2000 to April 2003 the ISS was under construction with a rotating 3-member crew permanently in place. Each ISS crew team spent five to seven months in space before being relieved by the next crew. After the space shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003, it become impossible to resupply the space station at previous levels. With all the American space shuttles grounded, the ISS crew was reduced to two members resupplied by soviet Soyuz spacecraft.
 
 

13.4 When it was finished?

The ISS will be a construction of gigantic dimensions, approaching the size of a football field. The solar panels will be 107 meters wide, while the habitable part of the station will be 80 m long and weigh 450 tons. This will be by far than largest space station ever built.  Thus far, with only about 40% of the ISS in place, it is already the largest artificial object in space.
 

13.5 The total costs for this fantastic project:

It has been, so far incalculable. During the initial planning phase, NASA estimated a total of $40 billion, and it was soon clear that this figure would have to be adjusted upward.
 
The construction of the ISS is the largest civil engineering project in all human history. As befits its name, A host of nations take part in the project, including the USA Russia, Japan, Canada, Brazil and the European union.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Deeksha Yadav)

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